fast-math/src/main.rs

use std::io::{self, BufRead, Write};
use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime};

struct Rng {
    state: u64,
}

impl Rng {
    fn new() -> Self {
        let seed = SystemTime::now()
            .duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
            .unwrap()
            .subsec_nanos() as u64;
        // Allegedly
        // The magic number is XOR'd with the seed (`subsec_nanos()`) as a mixing step.
        // "the golden ratio" has a property where it distributes bits very evenly across
        // the range, so even a low-entropy seed gets spread across all 64 bits
        // before the first LCG iteration runs
        Self {
            state: seed ^ 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15,
        }
    }

    fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
        // Allegedly
        // Knuth MMIX LCG constants:
        // multiplier chosen for spectral quality (for uniform distribution)
        // addend must be odd for full 2^64 period
        self.state = self
            .state
            .wrapping_mul(6364136223846793005)
            .wrapping_add(1442695040888963407);
        self.state
    }

    fn range(&mut self, min: i32, max: i32) -> i32 {
        let range = (max - min + 1) as u64;
        (self.next_u64() % range) as i32 + min
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
enum Op {
    Add,
    Sub,
    Mul,
    Div,
}

impl Op {
    fn symbol(self) -> char {
        match self {
            Op::Add => '+',
            Op::Sub => '-',
            Op::Mul => 'x',
            Op::Div => '/',
        }
    }

    fn apply(self, a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
        match self {
            Op::Add => a + b,
            Op::Sub => a - b,
            Op::Mul => a * b,
            Op::Div => a / b,
        }
    }
}

struct Question {
    a: i32,
    b: i32,
    op: Op,
    answer: i32,
}

impl Question {
    fn generate(rng: &mut Rng) -> Self {
        let op = match rng.range(0, 3) {
            0 => Op::Add,
            1 => Op::Sub,
            2 => Op::Mul,
            _ => Op::Div,
        };

        let (a, b) = match op {
            Op::Add => (rng.range(1, 99), rng.range(1, 99)),
            Op::Sub => {
                let x = rng.range(1, 99);
                let y = rng.range(1, x);
                (x, y)
            }
            Op::Mul => (rng.range(2, 12), rng.range(2, 12)),
            Op::Div => {
                let b = rng.range(2, 12);
                let quotient = rng.range(2, 12);
                (b * quotient, b)
            }
        };

        let answer = op.apply(a, b);
        Question { a, b, op, answer }
    }

    fn prompt(&self) -> String {
        format!("{} {} {} = ", self.a, self.op.symbol(), self.b)
    }
}

struct QuestionStats {
    a: i32,
    b: i32,
    op: Op,
    answer: i32,
    time_taken: Duration,
    mistakes: u32,
}

fn main() {
    const ROUNDS: usize = 10;

    println!("\n=== Fast Math ===");
    println!("Complete {ROUNDS} questions to finish a round.\n");

    let stdin = io::stdin();
    let mut stdin = stdin.lock(); // why lock?
    let mut rng = Rng::new();
    let mut stats: Vec<QuestionStats> = Vec::with_capacity(ROUNDS);

    for i in 0..ROUNDS {
        let q = Question::generate(&mut rng);
        println!("Question {}/{}:", i + 1, ROUNDS);

        let mut mistakes = 0u32;
        let start = Instant::now();

        loop {
            print!("  {}", q.prompt());
            io::stdout().flush().unwrap();

            let mut line = String::new();
            stdin.read_line(&mut line).unwrap();

            match line.trim().parse::<i32>() {
                Ok(n) if n == q.answer => {
                    println!("  Correct!\n");
                    break;
                }
                Ok(_) => {
                    mistakes += 1;
                    println!("  Wrong, try again.");
                }
                Err(_) => {
                    println!("  Please enter a valid integer.");
                }
            }
        }

        stats.push(QuestionStats {
            a: q.a,
            b: q.b,
            op: q.op,
            answer: q.answer,
            time_taken: start.elapsed(),
            mistakes,
        });
    }

    print_summary(&stats);
}

fn print_summary(stats: &[QuestionStats]) {
    // voodoo
    let total_time: Duration = stats.iter().map(|s| s.time_taken).sum();
    let total_mistakes: u32 = stats.iter().map(|s| s.mistakes).sum();
    let perfect = stats.iter().filter(|s| s.mistakes == 0).count();

    println!("=== Round Complete ===\n");
    println!(
        "{:<5} {:<12} {:<8} {:>10}  {:>8}",
        "#", "Question", "Answer", "Time (s)", "Mistakes"
    );
    println!("{}", "-".repeat(50));

    for (i, s) in stats.iter().enumerate() {
        let q = format!("{} {} {}", s.a, s.op.symbol(), s.b);
        println!(
            "{:<5} {:<12} {:<8} {:>10.2}  {:>8}",
            i + 1,
            q,
            s.answer,
            s.time_taken.as_secs_f64(),
            s.mistakes,
        );
    }

    println!("{}", "-".repeat(50));
    println!(
        "{:<5} {:<12} {:<8} {:>10.2}  {:>8}",
        "Tot",
        "",
        "",
        total_time.as_secs_f64(),
        total_mistakes
    );
    println!("\nScore: {}/{}", perfect, stats.len());
}

// tests
// * valid integer
// * some basic correctness of correct answers
// * some basic correctness of incorrect answers
//
// * invalid integer
// * float
// * different representation: hex, binary, octect
// * unicode
// * some specific attacks
// * multiple integers
//